Ünite 10: İletişim Dünyası
The World of Communication · A2
Medya ve iletişim sözcükleri, edilgen çatı (-ıl/-il/-ul/-ül, -ın/-in/-un/-ün, passive voice) tanıtımı.
Kim Yaptı, Kim Yapıldı?
Edilgen Çatı (Passive Voice) — "-Il/-In"
Passive voice — "-Il/-In"
The passive voice describes the action or the affected thing without foregrounding who performed it: instead of "Kapıyı açtım" ("I opened the door" — I did it), you get "Kapı açıldı" ("The door was opened" — who did it doesn't matter). The suffix has three shapes depending on the root's final sound: consonant-final roots NOT ending in "l" take "-Il" (yap+ıl=yapıl, aç+ıl=açıl); roots ending in "l" take "-In" instead, to avoid two "l" sounds colliding (bul+un=bulun, al+ın=alın); vowel-final roots take just "-n" (oku+n=okun, bekle+n=beklen). Because it's vowel-initial, root SOFTENING applies as usual (git+il=gidil).
| KökRoot | Edilgen TabanPassive stem | Neden?Why? |
|---|---|---|
| yap- (not "l") | yapıl- | -Il |
| bul- (ends in "l") | bulun- | -In (avoids an l+l clash) |
| oku- (ends in a vowel) | okun- | just -n |
| git- (softens) | gidil- | -Il, root softened |
Edilgen Taban + Zaman Ekleri
The passive stem takes ordinary tense suffixes
Once the passive stem ("yapıl-", "okun-") is formed, it behaves like an ordinary verb root and can take any tense suffix you've already learned: aorist (yapılır, "is done"), present continuous (yapılıyor, "is being done"), or definite past (yapıldı, "was done" — very common in news: "açıklandı" [was announced], "duyuruldu" [was announced], "yayınlandı" [was published/broadcast]).
| Edilgen TabanPassive stem | + Zaman Eki+ tense suffix | AnlamMeaning |
|---|---|---|
| yapıl- | yapılır (aorist) | is done |
| yapıl- | yapılıyor (present continuous) | is being done |
| yapıl- | yapıldı (past tense) | was done |
Haberlerde Edilgen Çatı
"...tarafından" — Failin Geri Getirilmesi
"...tarafından" — bringing the agent back in
The passive voice usually exists to hide the agent, but sometimes it needs to be specified — that's what the postposition "tarafından" ("by") is for, written as its own separate word after the noun: "Bu dizi milyonlarca kişi tarafından izlenir" ("This series is watched by millions of people"). This structure appears constantly in news writing.
| CümleSentence | AnlamMeaning |
|---|---|
| Haber muhabir tarafından yazıldı. | The news was written by the reporter. |
| Karar yönetmen tarafından verildi. | The decision was made by the director. |
Sözlükte Edilgen Fiiller
Passive verbs as their own dictionary entries
Some passive verbs are used so often that they're worth learning as their own dictionary entries: "bilinmek" (to be known), "sevilmek" (to be loved), "güvenilir" (trustworthy — the passive + aorist form of "güvenmek", now used as an adjective in its own right). It's useful to just remember these as single units.
| Edilgen FiilPassive verb | TabanBase | AnlamMeaning |
|---|---|---|
| bilinmek | bil- + in | to be known |
| sevilmek | sev- + il | to be loved |
| güvenilir | güven- + il + ir | trustworthy (now an adjective) |
Bir Haberi Özetlemek
Haber Dilinde Edilgen Çatı Neden Tercih Edilir?
Why news writing prefers the passive voice
In news writing, WHAT HAPPENED matters more than who did it — this is why the passive voice, together with Unit 8's "-dır", creates a formal, objective tone: "Yeni başkan seçildi" ("The new president was elected" — news register, objective) versus "Halk yeni başkanı seçti" ("The people elected the new president" — the agent is specified). Both structures are useful when summarizing a news item.
| Etken (Active) | Edilgen (Passive) | AnlamMeaning |
|---|---|---|
| Halk başkanı seçti. | Başkan seçildi. | The president was elected. |
| Kanal diziyi yayınladı. | Dizi yayınlandı. | The series was broadcast. |
| Herkes bu haberi okur. | Bu haber çok okunur. | This news is widely read. |