Ünite 5: Sofra Başında
At the Table · A1
Emir kipi, istek kipi, sıfatlaştırma (-lı/-li/-lu/-lü, -sız/-siz/-suz/-süz), karşılaştırma (-dan/-den/-tan/-ten daha, en).
Sipariş Verelim
Emir-İstek Kipi — 6 Şahıs Bir Arada
Imperative-optative mood across all 6 persons
In Turkish, the "imperative" (2nd/3rd person commands) and "optative" (1st person "let me/us...") belong to the same suffix family. The 2nd singular has no suffix (bare root). The 1st singular and plural first insert a 2-way harmony vowel (a/e), then a SECOND vowel derived from that first one (e.g. after "e" it's always "i" — independent of the root's own vowel class).
| Kişi | Ek | Örnek (almak) |
|---|---|---|
| ben (istek) | -(y)EyIm | alayım |
| sen (emir) | — (çıplak kök) | al |
| o (emir) | -sIn | alsın |
| biz (istek) | -(y)ElIm | alalım |
| siz (emir) | -(y)InIz | alınız |
| onlar (emir) | -sInlEr | alsınlar |
Düzensiz: "yemek" ve "demek"
Irregular: "yemek" (to eat) and "demek" (to say)
The roots "ye-" and "de-" raise their "e" to "i" right before a "y" glide: it's "yiyelim", not the otherwise-expected "yeyelim" (the same rule that makes present continuous "yiyor", not "yeyor").
| Kişi | Örnek (yemek) |
|---|---|
| ben | yiyeyim |
| sen | ye |
| o | yesin |
| biz | yiyelim |
| siz | yiyiniz |
Lezzetleri Tarif Etmek
Sıfatlaştırma — "-lI" ("...lı") ve "-sIz" ("...sız")
Adjectivizers: "with..." and "without..."
"-lI" turns a noun into an adjective meaning "with..."; "-sIz" gives the opposite, "without...". Both start with a consonant, so no buffer letter or softening is needed — just 4-way vowel harmony.
| Ad | -lI ("ile") | -sIz ("...olmadan") |
|---|---|---|
| tuz (salt) | tuzlu | tuzsuz |
| şeker (sugar) | şekerli | şekersiz |
| et (meat) | etli | etsiz |
Mutfaklar Arası Karşılaştırma
Karşılaştırma — "-DEn daha"
Comparison: "more ... than ..."
To compare two things, the thing being compared against takes the ablative case (-DEn), followed by "daha" and the adjective. This is the exact same ablative suffix you learned in Unit 2 — a new use of a known suffix, not a new one.
| Cümle | Anlam |
|---|---|
| Bu çorba o çorbadan daha lezzetli. | This soup is more delicious than that soup. |
| Balık etten daha pahalı. | Fish is more expensive than meat. |
Üstünlük — "en"
Superlative: "the most..."
The superlative is formed by placing the invariable word "en" ("most") directly before the adjective — it's a separate word, not a suffix.
| Cümle | Anlam |
|---|---|
| Bu restoranın en lezzetli yemeği pilav. | This restaurant's most delicious dish is the rice. |
| Dünyanın en ucuz kahvesi burada. | The world's cheapest coffee is here. |